莎士比亚四大喜剧作品
分类： 戏剧翻译欣赏
莎士比亚共创作了14部喜剧。但现在较通行的做法是把《暴风雨》看成是***剧。因此，按创作时间先后分别是：《错误的喜剧》（1592）、《驯悍记》（1593）、《维洛那二绅士》（1594）、《爱的徒劳》（1594）、《仲夏夜之梦》（1595）、《***商人》（1596）、《无事生非》（1598）、《温莎的风流娘儿们》（1598）、《皆大欢喜》（1599）、《第十二夜》（1600）、《特洛伊罗斯和克瑞西达》（1602）、《终成眷属》（1602）和《一报还一报》（1604）。前10部是莎士比亚创作第一时期所作，多称为试验喜剧、浪漫喜剧或抒情喜剧。后3部属于第二时期，多称为问题剧或黑暗喜剧。有人把《***商人》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》、《第十二夜》称为莎士比亚的四大喜剧。
《仲夏夜之梦》（1595）是一部充满幻想和浪漫色彩的抒情喜剧。剧情虽然发生在古希腊神话传说中威修斯统治雅典的时期，实际上反映的却是当时英国的现实。喜剧描写青年男女之间相互恋爱的故事，他们反对家长的干涉，得到仙人的帮助，最后争取到婚姻自由的胜利。剧中神话的世界和现实的矛盾交织在一起，使它成为莎士比亚最富于诗意和想象的剧作之一。
《***商人》（1596）是莎士比亚喜剧中最富于社会讽刺意义的一部。剧中包含两个平行的情节。主要情节是***商人安东尼奥和犹太人***者夏洛克之间围绕割一磅肉的诉讼而展开的冲突；次要情节是富家**鲍西娅遵父命三匣选亲的故事。此外还穿***夏洛克的女儿杰西卡同罗伦佐卷款私奔的故事。通过这些相互联系的情节冲突，莎士比亚肯定并赞美安东尼奥、鲍西娅等人以友谊、爱情为重的人文主义生活理想，否定并谴责以夏洛克为代表的惟利是图的生活态度，最后以夏洛克的败诉和三对有情人终成眷属为美满结局，歌颂了人文主义生活理想的胜利。剧中成功地塑造出夏洛克这样一个鲜明生动而又复杂矛盾的典型形象。莎士比亚并没有把他写成一个简单的恶棍。夏洛克不仅是一个重利盘剥、损人利己的***者，他也是个在***教社会里受欺负的犹太人。他同哈姆雷特、福斯塔夫一起，被认为是莎士比亚戏剧中最著名的三大典型。剧中的安东尼奥是一个商人资本家，经营海外贸易的皇商大贾，莎士比亚把他塑造成善良、正直的正面人物。莎士比亚站在新兴资产阶级立场，嘲讽夏洛克而歌颂安东尼奥。
《无事生非》（1598）、《皆大欢喜》（1599）和《第十二夜》（1600）是莎士比亚抒情喜剧的代表
作。情节生动丰富，富于生活气息，思想更加成熟，既宣扬了人文主义的生活理想，又嘲笑了封建教会的禁欲主义（《第十二夜》），同时也揭露了资产阶级的自私自利行为（《无事生非》）。剧中人物也更加丰富多彩，主要人物如《无事生非》中的培尼狄克和贝特丽丝，《第十二夜》中的薇奥拉；次要人物甚至小丑、佣人，如《无事生非》中的道格培里和弗吉斯，《皆大欢喜》中的试金石，《第十二夜》中的马伏里奥和费斯特，都无不塑造得有血有肉，鲜明生动。
人物性格： Beatrice is the niece of Leonato, a wealthy governor of Messina. Though she is close friends with her cousin Hero, Leonato’s daughter, the two could not be less alike. Whereas Hero is polite, quiet, respectful, and gentle, Beatrice is feisty, cynical, witty, and sharp. Beatrice keeps up a “merry war” of wits with Benedick, a lord and soldier from Padua. The play suggests that she was once in love with Benedick but that he led her on and their relationship ended. Now when they meet, the two constantly compete to outdo one another with clever insults. Although she ***ears hardened and sharp, Beatrice is really vulnerable. Once she overhears Hero describing that Benedick is in love with her (Beatrice), she opens herself to the sensitivities and weaknesses of love. Beatrice is a prime example of one of Shakespeare’s strong female characters. She refuses to marry because she has not discovered the perfect, equal partner and because she is unwilling to eschew her liberty and submit to the will of a controlling hu***and. When Hero has been humiliated and accused of violating her chastity, Beatrice explodes with fury at Claudio for mistreating her cousin. In her frustration and rage about Hero’s mistreatment, Beatrice rebels against the unequal status of women in Renaissance society. “O that I were a man for his sake! Or that I had any friend would be a man for my sake!” she passionately exclaims. “I cannot be a man with wishing, therefore I will die a woman with grieving” (IV.i.312–318). Benedick Benedick is the willful lord, recently returned from fighting in the wars, who vows that he will never marry. He engages with Beatrice in a competition to outwit, out***art, and out-insult the other, but to his observant friends, he seems to feel some deeper emotion below the surface. Upon hearing Claudio and Don Pedro discussing Beatrice’s desire for him, Benedick vows to be “horribly in love with her,” in effect continuing the competition by outdoing her in love and courtship (II.iii.207). Benedick is one of the most histrionic characters in the play, as he constantly performs for the benefit of others. He is the entertainer, indulging in witty hyperbole to express his feelings. He delivers a perfect example of his inflated rhetoric when Beatrice enters during the masked ball. Turning to his companions, Benedick grossly exaggerates how Beatrice has misused him, bidding his friends to send him to the farthest corners of the earth rather than let him spend one more minute with his nemesis: “Will your grace command me any service to the world’s end? I will go on the slightest errand now to the Antipodes that you can devise to send me on. I will fetch you a toothpicker from the furthest inch of Asia . . . do you any embassage to the pigmies, rather than hold three words’ conference with this harpy” (II.i.229–235). Of course, since Benedick is so invested in performing for the others, it is not easy for us to tell whether he has been in love with Beatrice all along or falls in love with her suddenly during the play. Benedick’s adamant refusal to marry does ***ear to change over the course of the play, once he decides to fall in love with Beatrice. He attempts to conceal this transformation from his friends but really might enjoy shocking them by sh***ing off his beard and professing undying love to Beatrice. This change in attitude seems most evident when Benedick challenges Claudio, previously his closest friend in the world, to duel to the death over Claudio’s accusation as to Hero’s unchaste beh***ior. There can be no dou*** at this point that Benedick has switched his allegiances entirely over to Beatrice. Don Pedro, Prince of Aragon Of all the main characters in Much Ado About Nothing, Don Pedro seems the most elusive. He is the noblest character in the social hierarchy of the play, and his friends Benedick and Claudio, though equals in wit, must always defer to him because their positions depend upon his f***or. Don Pedro has power, and he is well aware of it; whether or not he abuses this power is open to question. Unlike his bastard brother, the villain Don John, Don Pedro most often uses his power and authority toward positive ends. But like his half-brother, Don Pedro manipulates other characters as much as he likes. For instance, he insists on wooing Hero for Claudio himself, while masked, rather than allowing Claudio to profess his love to Hero first. Of course, everything turns out for the best—Don Pedro’s motives are purely in the interest of his friend. But we are left wondering why Don Pedro feels the need for such an elaborate dissimulation merely to inform Hero of Claudio’s romantic interest. It seems simply that it is Don Pedro’s royal prerogative to do exactly as he wishes, and no one can question it. Despite his cloudy motives, Don Pedro does work to bring about h***iness. It is his idea, for instance, to convince Beatrice and Benedick that each is in love with the other and by doing so bring the two compe***s together. He orchestrates the whole plot and plays the role of director in this comedy of wit and manners. Don Pedro is the only one of the three gallants not to end up with a wife at the end. Benedick laughingly jokes in the final scene that the melancholy prince must “get thee a wife” in order to enjoy true h***iness (V.iv.117). The question necessarily arises as to why Don Pedro is sad at the end of a joyous comedy. Perhaps his exchange with Beatrice at the masked ball—in which he proposes marriage to her and she jokingly refuses him, taking his proposal as mere sport—pains him; perhaps he is truly in love with Beatrice. The text does not give us a conclusive explanation for his melancholy, nor for his fascination with dissembling. This uncertainly about his character helps to make him one of the most thought-provoking characters in the play.(回答有10000字限制，只能两次回答）。
1 爱的徒劳 莎士比亚 64K
2 奥瑟罗 莎士比亚 72K
3 暴风雨 莎士比亚 53K
4 错误的喜剧 莎士比亚 42K
5 第十二夜 莎士比亚 56K
6 冬天的故事 莎士比亚 66K
7 亨利八世 莎士比亚 72K
8 亨利六世上篇 莎士比亚 65K
9 亨利六世中篇 莎士比亚 74K
10 亨利六世下篇 莎士比亚 70K
11 亨利四世上篇 莎士比亚 69K
12 亨利四世下篇 莎士比亚 73K
13 亨利五世 莎士比亚 81K
14 哈姆雷特 莎士比亚 81K
15 皆大欢喜 莎士比亚 60K
16 科利奥兰纳斯 莎士比亚 75K
17 理查二世 莎士比亚 65K
18 理查三世 莎士比亚 81K
19 李尔王 莎士比亚 75K
20 罗密欧与朱丽叶 莎士比亚 68K
21 麦克白 莎士比亚 53K
22 莎士比亚诗选 莎士比亚 137K
23 裘力斯·凯撒 莎士比亚 56K
24 泰尔亲王配力克里斯 莎士比亚 56K
25 特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达 莎士比亚 73K
26 泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯 莎士比亚 59K
27 维洛那二绅士 莎士比亚 49K
28 ***商人 莎士比亚 60K
29 温莎的风流娘儿们 莎士比亚 62K
30 无事生非 莎士比亚 60K
31 辛白林 莎士比亚 80K
32 驯悍记 莎士比亚 59K
33 一报还一报 莎士比亚 58K
34 雅典的泰门 莎士比亚 54K
35 约翰王 莎士比亚 60K
36 终成眷属 莎士比亚 65K
37 仲夏夜之梦 莎士比亚 51K
无事生非——莎士比亚 著 txt全集***附件已上传到百度网盘，点击***：
内容预览：
第一场里奥那托住宅门前
里奥那托、希罗、贝特丽丝及一使者上。
里奥那托：这封信里说，阿拉贡的唐·彼德罗今晚就要到梅西那来了。
使者：他马上要到了；我跟他分手的时候，他离这儿才不过八九哩路呢。
里奥那托：你们在这次战事里折了多少将士？
使者：没有多少，有点名气的一个也没有。
里奥那托：得胜者全师而归，那是双重的胜利了。信上还说起唐·彼德罗十分看重一位叫做克劳狄奥的年轻的弗罗棱萨人。
使者：他果然是一位很有才能的人，唐·彼德罗赏识得不错。他年纪虽然很轻，做的事情十分了不得，看上去像一头羔羊，上起战场来却像一头狮子；他的确能够超过一般人对他的期望，我这张嘴也说不尽他的好处。
里奥那托：他有一个伯父在这儿梅西那，知道了一定会非常高兴。
使者：我已经送信给他了，看他的样子十分快乐，快乐得甚至忍不住心酸起来。
里奥那托：他流起眼泪来了吗？
使者：流了很多眼泪。
里奥那托：这是天性中至情的自然流露；这样的泪洗过的……
1 爱的徒劳 莎士比亚 64K
2 奥瑟罗 莎士比亚 72K
3 暴风雨 莎士比亚 53K
4 错误的喜剧 莎士比亚 42K
5 第十二夜 莎士比亚 56K
6 冬天的故事 莎士比亚 66K
7 亨利八世 莎士比亚 72K
8 亨利六世上篇 莎士比亚 65K
9 亨利六世中篇 莎士比亚 74K
10 亨利六世下篇 莎士比亚 70K
11 亨利四世上篇 莎士比亚 69K
12 亨利四世下篇 莎士比亚 73K
13 亨利五世 莎士比亚 81K
14 哈姆雷特 莎士比亚 81K
15 皆大欢喜 莎士比亚 60K
16 科利奥兰纳斯 莎士比亚 75K
17 理查二世 莎士比亚 65K
18 理查三世 莎士比亚 81K
19 李尔王 莎士比亚 75K
20 罗密欧与朱丽叶 莎士比亚 68K
21 麦克白 莎士比亚 53K
22 莎士比亚诗选 莎士比亚 137K
23 裘力斯·凯撒 莎士比亚 56K
24 泰尔亲王配力克里斯 莎士比亚 56K
25 特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达 莎士比亚 73K
26 泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯 莎士比亚 59K
27 维洛那二绅士 莎士比亚 49K
28 ***商人 莎士比亚 60K
29 温莎的风流娘儿们 莎士比亚 62K
30 无事生非 莎士比亚 60K
31 辛白林 莎士比亚 80K
32 驯悍记 莎士比亚 59K
33 一报还一报 莎士比亚 58K
34 雅典的泰门 莎士比亚 54K
35 约翰王 莎士比亚 60K
36 终成眷属 莎士比亚 65K
37 仲夏夜之梦 莎士比亚 51K
